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全球今日报丨冤大头买了高价原油?

来源:生财之路2023-02-08 01:01:00

这几天有这样一则消息在群聊里刷屏了。

这则消息我在群里看到了不下五次,想驳一下,结果我在全网找了半天,全TM是各种营销号用的收钱通稿,什么“俄罗斯官方公布”,下面又来一个“市场人士称”,同一篇文章里的信息都能自相矛盾。还连个引用源都不写,害我找了半天。是有多怕别人较真追查来源。

这里为了避免太长不看,我直接把结论写在前面。原文是路透社援引的消息人士透露,绝对不是什么“俄罗斯官方公布”,也并没有直接说是中国直接进口了全部的380万吨石油。原文作者在瞎编来源的基础上,继续编造谣言,还“含运费低到每桶35美元”,完全鬼扯。印度采购的是乌拉尔原油,基准价1月5日最低都有50.5美元1桶,平均56美元1桶。乌拉尔重质原油,含硫量高,处理起来麻烦。中国采购的ESPO原油,品质好,72.51~83.67美元1桶,两种不同品种的原油品质不同,本来就不可以直接相比,有差价是很正常的事。而这个差价到了国内媒体口中,就成了"折扣多达35美元一桶",再到这收钱通稿,直接变成了“含运费低到每桶35美元”。


【资料图】

去年12月的时候中国采购的ESPO原油参照布伦特原油价格上,能够有6 美元的折扣,意味着每桶 68 美元的价格,包括运费和保险费。简单点说,我们在进口俄原油上没有理会欧美制定的60美元价格上限,但与布伦特原油价格相比,又能享受一定的优惠折扣,并没有当什么冤大头。

以下是论证的信息来源,感兴趣的可以看看。

这篇文章在moscowtimes英文版里没有,只有俄文版里有这篇文章。是路透社在moscowtimes上发布的文章,目前路透社在moscowtimes上也只更新俄文新闻。

“俄罗斯以高于上限的价格从远东出口了创纪录数量的石油”

原文粗略翻译如下

莫斯科,2 月 2 日(路透社)行业消息人士告诉路透社,俄罗斯将 1 月份远东科兹米诺港的 ESPO 混合油出口量从 12 月份的 320 万吨提高到创纪录的 380 万吨,价格高于制裁规定的上限。

根据 Refinitiv Eikon 终端的数据,1 月份以 FOB Kozmino 为基础的 ESPO Blend 批次的成本稳定在每桶 60 美元以上——在每桶 72.51 美元至 83.67 美元之间。

与欧盟石油禁运同时启动的价格上限机制允许协议之外的国家购买俄罗斯石油,但如果俄罗斯港口的 FOB 价格超过每桶 60 美元,则禁止西方航运和保险公司处理俄罗斯原油。

科兹米诺港是俄罗斯石油管道东西伯利亚-太平洋(ESPO)的最终出口点。

Transneft 负责人尼古拉托卡列夫表示,2022 年通过科兹米诺的石油出口量约为 4200 万吨,设计产能为 3000 万吨。

误报

欧盟自12月5日起实施石油禁运,迫使莫斯科将几乎所有出口原材料调配至亚洲,而中国作为全球最大的石油进口国,则继续积极购买俄罗斯原材料。

据路透社消息,由于去年最后一个月出现大量暴风雨天气,12 月计划的四批 ESPO Blend 油轮装运被推迟到 1 月。

一位石油消息人士告诉路透社:“许多人认为 ESPO Blend 出口量在 12 月因西方制裁而下降,但这全都与天气有关。”

根据 Refinitiv 的数据,俄罗斯联邦在 2022 年 1 月至 8 月从 Kozmino 平均运送了 330 万吨 ESPO Blend,而 2021 年平均为 290 万吨。

多年来,中国炼油厂从伊朗和委内瑞拉等其他受西方制裁的国家提炼石油。

让我们来综合看一下路透社别的相关的新闻。

2022年12月5日,“俄罗斯石油周一在亚洲以79美元每桶的价格出售,远高于价格上限”

Dec 5 (Reuters) - Russia"s ESPO oil blend from the Far Eastern port of Kozmino was selling for around $79 a barrel in Asian markets on Monday - almost a third higher than the price cap imposed on Russian oil by the G7 and European Union - according to Refinitiv data and estimates from industry sources.

12 月 5 日(路透社)——周一,来自远东科兹米诺港的俄罗斯 ESPO 混合油在亚洲市场的售价约为每桶 79 美元——比七国集团和欧盟对俄罗斯石油设定的价格上限高出近三分之一——据称来自行业来源的 Refinitiv 数据和估计。

Russia exports up to 65 million tons of ESPO Blend oil per year via the Eastern Siberia-Pacific Ocean (ESPO) pipeline, including up to 35 million tons through the port of Kozmino.

俄罗斯每年通过东西伯利亚-太平洋 (ESPO) 管道出口多达 6500 万吨 ESPO 混合油,其中包括通过科兹米诺港出口多达 3500 万吨。

2022年12月8日,“中国以数月低折扣购买俄罗斯石油,取消价格上限”

SINGAPORE, Dec 8 (Reuters) - China is paying the deepest discounts in months for Russian ESPO crude oil amid weak demand and poor refining margins even though the effective prices refiners pay could exceed a price cap imposed this week by Western countries.

新加坡,12 月 8 日(路透社)——尽管炼油商支付的实际价格可能超过西方国家本周规定的价格上限,但在需求疲软和炼油利润率不佳的情况下,中国为俄罗斯ESPO原油支付的价格拿到了数月来最大的折扣。

China, Russia"s top oil buyer, has not agreed to the price cap. Traders said they were doing business as usual.

俄罗斯最大的石油买家中国尚未同意价格上限。交易员表示,他们一切如常。

China"s independent refiners, dominant clients of ESPO, a grade exported from the Russian Far East port of Kozmino, secure the shipments almost all on delivered basis from traders who arrange shipping and insurance, shielding the refiners from possible secondary sanctions that may result from the price cap.

中国的独立炼油商是ESPO的主要客户,ESPO是从俄罗斯远东港口科兹米诺出口的一种等级,几乎所有的货物都是由安排运输和保险的贸易商交付的,从而保护炼油商免受价格上限可能导致的二级制裁。

At least one December-arrival ESPO cargo was sold last week to an independent refiner at a discount of $6 per barrel against the February ICE Brent price on the delivery-ex-ship (DES) basis, according to four traders with knowledge of the deal.

据四位了解交易情况的交易员称,上周至少有一批 12 月抵达的 ESPO 船货以每桶 6 美元的折扣价出售给了一家独立炼油厂,价格为 2 月 ICE 布伦特原油交货价(DES) .

That compares with a premium of about $1.80 per barrel three weeks ago. At current Brent levels, the $6 discount implies a price of $68 a barrel including freight and insurance costs.

相比之下,三周前每桶的溢价约为 1.80 美元。在目前的布伦特原油水平上,6 美元的折扣意味着每桶 68 美元的价格,包括运费和保险费。

"They (independent plants) don"t really care about the price cap. All they do is crunch the numbers to see if the delivered prices make good profit or not," said a trading executive with one independent refiner.

他们(独立工厂)并不真正关心价格上限。他们所做的只是计算数字,看看交付的价格是否能带来丰厚的利润,”一家独立炼油商的贸易主管表示。

"Domestic refining margins are still struggling," the executive added.

“国内炼油利润率仍在挣扎,”这位高管补充道。

On Thursday, there were still two December-loading cargoes unsold, and offers had fallen to discounts of around $7 to $8 a barrel, two trading sources said.

两名贸易消息人士称,周四仍有两批 12 月装船的货物未售出,报价已降至约每桶 7 至 8 美元的折扣。

Some early trades of January-loading cargoes were done at $4 a barrel below the March ICE Brent, the lowest level for front month ESPO since July.

一些 1 月装载货物的早期交易价格比 3 月 ICE 布伦特原油低 4 美元/桶,这是近月 ESPO 自 7 月以来的最低水平。

Benchmark Brent slid to its lowest since January on Tuesday at below $80.

基准布伦特原油周二跌至 1 月以来的最低点,低于 80 美元。

Traders said ESPO"s cheapness could soon attract fresh buying from Chinese buyers on hopes that Beijing"s relaxation of pandemic controls over the past week could reignite demand.

交易员表示,ESPO 的低价可能很快会吸引中国买家的新买盘,希望北京在过去一周放宽对流行病的控制可能会重新点燃需求。

In Shandong, a province with many independent refiners, known as teapots, ESPO is also facing increasing competition particularly from Iranian oil, which traded at a discount of nearly $10 against ICE Brent last week.

在山东省,一个拥有许多被称为茶壶的独立炼油厂的省份,ESPO 也面临着日益激烈的竞争,尤其是来自伊朗石油的竞争,上周伊朗石油对 ICE 布伦特原油的交易价格贴水近 10 美元。

2023年2月3日,“中国增加从俄罗斯桶中混合的燃料油进口”

SINGAPORE, Feb 3 (Reuters) - China"s independent refineries are ramping up imports of discounted fuel oil blended from Russian barrels to use as low-cost feedstock amid a shortage of government crude oil import quotas for some of them, according to trade sources and data.

新加坡,2 月 3 日(路透社)——根据贸易消息来源和数据,中国的独立炼油厂正在增加从俄罗斯桶中混合的折扣燃料油的进口,以用作低成本原料,因为其中一些炼油厂的政府原油进口配额不足.

Western sanctions over Russia"s invasion of Ukraine, including the looming Feb. 5 embargo and price cap on refined products, have been pushing Russian fuel oil barrels eastward into Asia at attractive discounts since last year.

西方对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的制裁,包括即将到来的 2 月 5 日禁运和对精炼产品的价格上限,自去年以来一直在推动俄罗斯燃料油桶以诱人的折扣向东进入亚洲

These have been flooding the ship-to-ship transfer hubs of Malaysia and United Arab Emirates" Fujairah since the second quarter of 2022. Traders blend these barrels with other oils to rebrand the fuel oil"s country of origin, clearing the way for ship insurance and financing that would otherwise be banned under the sanctions, trade sources said.

自2022年第二季度以来,这些问题一直充斥着马来西亚和阿联酋富查伊拉的船对船转运中心。贸易消息人士称,交易商将这些桶与其他油混合,以重塑燃油的原产国,为船舶保险和融资扫清道路,否则制裁将禁止这些保险和融资。

Discounts offered on these fuel oil cargoes help to improve margins at Chinese independent refiners and replace crude that some companies are unable to import without quotas, the sources said. The trade also provides a way to get Russian oil to market and bring much-needed export earnings to Moscow.

消息人士称,对这些燃油货物提供的折扣有助于提高中国独立炼油厂的利润率,并替代一些公司在没有配额的情况下无法进口的原油。这种贸易也为俄罗斯石油进入市场提供了一种途径,并为莫斯科带来急需的出口收入。

"We"ve been looking at Russian fuel oil since December. It is cheap and does not require (crude) import quotas," said an executive with an independent refiner in eastern Shandong province.

自去年 12 月以来,我们一直在关注俄罗斯燃料油。它很便宜,而且不需要(原油)进口配额,”山东省东部一家独立炼油厂的一位高管表示。

The refiner has not received any government crude quotas for the past year or so and buys mostly straight-run fuel oil to produce diesel and gasoline, said the executive, who declined to be identified as he was not authorised to speak to the media.

该炼油厂在过去一年左右没有收到任何政府原油配额,主要购买直馏燃料油来生产柴油和汽油,该高管表示,由于未获授权对媒体发言而不愿透露姓名。

These blended fuel oil barrels were last traded at about a $5 discount to benchmark crude ICE Brent on a delivered Shandong basis, said one source.

一位消息人士称,这些混合燃料油桶的最后交易价格较基准原油 ICE 布伦特原油折价约 5 美元,以山东交付为基础

"The deep discounts offered are driving the trend as independent refiners are price sensitive. China is still recovering, with domestic demand for refined fuels uncertain," said Emril Jamil, Refinitiv"s senior analyst for crude and fuel oil.

Refinitiv 的原油和燃料油高级分析师 Emril Jamil 表示:“由于独立炼油商对价格敏感,提供的大幅折扣正在推动这一趋势。中国仍在复苏,国内对精炼燃料的需求不确定。”

"The trend will continue with the EU ban (on Feb. 5), with all natural outlets in Europe closed. Asia will continue to soak up cheaper Russian (fuel oil) barrels on top of crude," Jamil said.

Jamil表示:“随着欧盟禁令(2月5日)的实施,这一趋势将继续下去,欧洲所有天然出口都将关闭。亚洲将继续在原油基础上吸收更便宜的俄罗斯(燃料油)桶。”

标签: 伊朗石油 原油价格

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